Abstract
Seismic precursor identification is vital in the Himalayan range and near active fault lines to offer early earthquake warnings, as India and nearby areas face a high risk of seismic activity. This laboratory-based research conducted simulations aimed at replicating electromagnetic signals generated by artificial seismic events spanning frequencies from 1 Hz to 59 Hz. High-frequency seismic signal attenuation upon interaction with the Earth’s surface was observed, focusing on emulating electromagnetic waves within the ultra-low frequency (ULF) to very high frequency (VHF) range and investigating energy transfer dynamics within conductive materials. Findings included a reduction in green stem ring diameter, an inversely correlated penetration depth with frequency, and fluctuations in the dielectric constant of tree tissues, linked to water molecule polarization with frequency changes. By applying an electric field, lower dielectric constants were observed at lower frequencies, stabilizing at around 40 eV as frequency increased from 1 Hz to 59 Hz. As frequency levels escalated, especially transitioning into the radio or microwave spectrum, alterations in the dielectric constant of tree tissues were noted, often marked by an increase in dielectric loss, signifying heightened absorption of electromagnetic energy and its conversion into heat. Banyan tree roots exhibited responses well in advance of any discernible alterations in the subsurface environment, offering valuable early indicators of impending seismic activity. This discovery encourages further exploration and holds the potential to advance earthquake prediction using deep-rooted trees as biosensors, ultimately contributing significantly to the preservation of human lives and overall safety.
Keywords: Biosensors, Dielectric Constant, Precursors, Seismic Activities, Ultra-Low Frequency