Abstract
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) has been amongst the major factors for mortality through-out the world. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW), which is an easily measured indicator of the variation in the size of red blood cell (RBC) (i.e., anisocytosis) could be a new biomarker that reflects a variety of physiological impairments associated with atherosclerosis and CAD and hence the two are correlated in this study. A Cross-sectional Study comprising of 80 people with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), typical and atypical angina, and inducible chest pain by treadmill test were taken. The patients underwent coronary angiography, later were separated into 2 groups depending on the outcomes (CAD group (n=60) and Non-CAD group (n=20)). Clinical data, along with traditional CAD risk variables and RDW, were analysed to determine their relation with CAD. The CAD severity was assessed using the Modified Gensini score. The gender distribution shows male preponderance with 73.75%. Patients with CAD on angiography had significantly higher RDW levels than Non-CAD group (15.52±0.56) vs. (14.66±0.88), with P value <0.001.RDW and Gensini score had a significant positive correlation (r=0.49, P value <0.001). RDW was discovered to be an independent indicator of angiographic CAD in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97, P<0.05). When a patient has CAD or an acute coronary syndrome, RDW is a significant risk-factor for cardiovascular incidents. Anisocytosis may be the reason for the reported bad outcomes in this group, or it may only be a marker of several clinical conditions associated with the observed prognosis.
Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Coronary artery disease, Modified gensini score, Red blood cell distribution width.